![]() ![]() Spencer originated the expression 'survival of the fittest', which he coined in Principles of Biology (1864) after reading Charles Darwin 's 1859 book On the Origin of Species. ![]() ![]() \): Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace: Both (a) Charles Darwin and (b) Alfred Wallace wrote scientific papers on natural selection that were presented together before the Linnean Society in 1858. Herbert Spencer (18201903) was an English philosopher who initiated a philosophy called ‘Social Darwinism’. Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 8 December 1903) was an English polymath active as a philosopher, psychologist, biologist, sociologist, and anthropologist. ![]()
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